How to make multiple LAN in one Network Adapter and benefit.

Dear all,

Now I also wonder one question in mind.

Can we make multiple Local Area Connection drivers with one Network Adapter? How?

Example one NIC:

External: 10.20.30.40 (public IP for internet access)

Internal: 192.168.1.123 (Workgroup server)

Below picture I captured from other.

I will read and practice your all answer.

Thank in advance for your advise.